Introduction to R and RStudio


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RStudio layout

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RStudio layout with .R file open

Project Management With RStudio


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Screenshot of file manager demonstrating bad project organisation

Seeking Help


Data Structures


Exploring Data Frames


Subsetting Data


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Inequality testing

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Inequality testing: results of recycling

Creating Publication-Quality Graphics with ggplot2


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Blank plot, before adding any mapping aesthetics to ggplot().

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Plotting area with axes for a scatter plot of life expectancy vs GDP, with no data points visible.

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Scatter plot of life expectancy vs GDP per capita, now showing the data points.

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Binned scatterplot of life expectancy versus year showing how life expectancy has increased over time
Binned scatterplot of life expectancy versus year showing how life expectancy has increased over time

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Binned scatterplot of life expectancy vs year with color-coded continents showing value of 'aes' function
Binned scatterplot of life expectancy vs year with color-coded continents showing value of ‘aes’ function

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Scatter plot of life expectancy vs GDP per capita with a trend line summarising the relationship between variables. The plot illustrates the possibilities for styling visualisations in ggplot2 with data points enlarged, coloured orange, and displayed without transparency.

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Scatterplot of GDP vs life expectancy showing logarithmic x-axis data spread
Scatterplot of GDP vs life expectancy showing logarithmic x-axis data spread

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Scatter plot of life expectancy vs GDP per capita with a blue trend line summarising the relationship between variables, and gray shaded area indicating 95% confidence intervals for that trend line.

Figure 14

Scatter plot of life expectancy vs GDP per capita with a trend line summarising the relationship between variables. The blue trend line is slightly thicker than in the previous figure.

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Scatter plot of life expectancy vs GDP per capita with a trend line summarising the relationship between variables. The plot illustrates the possibilities for styling visualisations in ggplot2 with data points enlarged, coloured orange, and displayed without transparency.

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Writing Data


Data Frame Manipulation with dplyr


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Diagram illustrating use of select function to select two columns of a data frame If we want to remove one column only from the gapminder data, for example, removing the continent column.


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Diagram illustrating how the group by function oraganizes a data frame into groups

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Diagram illustrating the use of group by and summarize together to create a new variable

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Data Frame Manipulation with tidyr


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Diagram illustrating the difference between a wide versus long layout of a data frame

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Diagram illustrating the wide format of the gapminder data frame

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Diagram illustrating how pivot longer reorganizes a data frame from a wide to long format

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Diagram illustrating the long format of the gapminder data

Basic Statistics: describing, modelling and reportingDescribing dataInferential statisticsRegression Modelling


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Producing Reports With knitr


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Screenshot of the New R Markdown file dialogue box in RStudio

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RStudio versions 1.4 and later include visual markdown editing mode. In visual editing mode, markdown expressions (like **bold words**) are transformed to the formatted appearance (bold words) as you type. This mode also includes a toolbar at the top with basic formatting buttons, similar to what you might see in common word processing software programs. You can turn visual editing on and off by pressing the Icon for turning on and off the visual editing mode in RStudio, which looks like a pair of compasses button in the top right corner of your R Markdown document.


Writing Good Software